| In
China there is a very popularly classic anthology about untrue
stories, namely, Liaozhai or Liaozhaizhiyi in Chinese alphabetical
phonetic symbols. These characters mean chatting about the
ghost-fox fairy-tales in a study or studio. The book written
by Pu Songling (1640-1715) in the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911)
has been attractive to all the Chinese readers, old and young,
boys and girls, since it was presented to the public. Besides
the four great well-known novels, The Three Kingdoms, Outlaws
of the Marsh, A Dream of Red Mansions and Journey to the West,
Pu Songling’s book about ghost-fox fairy tales has seemed
to be a magic power living in the Chinese people’s mind from
generation to generation. The main reason that the book could
attract man’s attention was of its close connection with
that true social situation. In the feudal society of the Qing
Dynasty, venal officials’ corruption or bribe widely spread
everywhere. There was not any democracy at all, thus all the
Chinese people had no right to speak, and nobody dared to
criticize any wrong doing from feudal officials at all ranks
in the whole society. Therefore the writer had to attack them
in an indirect way, that is, in writing some untrue stories
to mock,satirize,ridicule,deride or poke fun at them. As
a sophisticated sarcastic writer, Pu Songling was a typically
representative who was good at writing ironically. His book
about ghost-fax fairy-tales consists 12 volumes with 488 short
stories.
The
Chinese literary mighty giant, Lu Xun (1881-1936) said in
his Novelistic Brief History of China: “Pu Songling made
the highest achievements among all classic fictions in the
Chinese ancient literary history. ” The deceased celebrity,
writer, poet or playwright Guo Moro highly praised his works.
“Pu Songling is of much higher in writing ghost stories or
fairy tales in China. Up to now, no writer might surpass him.”
Pu
Sonling was born in a poor family. H had had no money enough
to publish his book until 1766. At present, there have been
more than 30 different kinds of copy of his book both at home
and abroad. The world readers of his are distributed over
20 countries or areas. More than 100 plays originating from
his fairy tales have been displayed on screen all over the
world. Pu Songling has brought great glory to China in literature
and art.
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